Chemical Industry in Nigeria Project


General Issues

Minister Jamodu Address on Industrial Policy [20th June, 2002]
Interview with Minister Aliyu on Steel, Aluminium & Power (February 12, 2002)

The Mineral Industry of Nigeria in 2001 (Mobbs, USGS)


Energy Concepts


Financing the Industry

Bank of Industry website
Bank of Industry (on BPE website)
Bank of Industry news



Crude Oil Industry

Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) - official site
NNPC's (unofficial) CPI site


Oil Field Glossary (Schlumberger)


Gas Industry

Nigerian Gas Company Limited (NGC)
Nigeria's Gas Sector: Investment Opportunities (NigeriaBusinessInfo.com)
5,800 MMSCF/D Gas Monetised Represents One Million B/D Equivalent - Kupolokun (August 10, 2004)


Running News on Gas in Nigeria



Petro-refining & Petrochemical Industry

In Nigeria....

Click to enlarge; from Howstuffworks.comClick to enlarge

Port Harcourt Refining Company (PHRC) Limited
Eleme Petrochemical Company Limited (EPCL)
Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited (WRPC)
Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)

Orient Petroleum Resources Ltd. (Private refinery)

Running News on Petro-refining in Nigeria


Refining Processes, etc.

The oil refining process starts with fractional distillation; 
CARBON ATOMS: Petroleum Gases:C1-C4 alkanes;  Naptha: C5-C9 alkanes;  Gasoline: C5-C12 alkanes & cyclo-alkanes; Kerosene: C10-C18 alkanes + aromatics;  
Gas oil or diesel distillates: >C12 alkanes; Lubricating oil: C20 - C50 alkanes + cyclo- + aromatics; Heavy gas or fuel oil: C20 - C70 alkanes + cyclo- + aromatics; 
Residuals: > C70 multiple-ringed compounds * What A Barrel of Crude Oil Makes

* How Oil Refining Works (How Stuff Works)

* Petroleum Refining Processes (OSHA Technical Manual)

* Petroleum Refining Industry (EPA document)

* Case Study - Petroleum: Modern Refining (U. Minnesota)

* Petroleum Refining (World Bank .pdf document)

* Petroleum Refining in the US (Euromonitor)

* Petroleum Refining Production & Manufacturing (Corrosion Cost)

Some Companies, etc.

Refining Value Process - Agilent Techologies

Petroleum Refining - Black & Veatch Corp.

Petroleum Refining - Fluor Corp.
Petroleum Refineries - Holly Corp.



Bitumen Industries

Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC)
RMRDC Brief on Coal & Bitumen/Tar Sand
Running News on Bitumen in Nigeria


In-Situ Recovery Methods for Heavy Oil and Bitumen
Heavy Oil and Sands: Thermal Gravity Methods


Coal Industries

Uses of Coal (from NZ site)..Click to expand

What is Coal? (pdf)
How Coal Works (Union of Concerned Scientists)
The Uses of Coal
Materials that Can be extracted from One Ton of Coal (pdf)
Management of Technological Change in Africa: The Coal Industry in Nigeria (Oyeyinka)

Notes on Coal(Energy Concepts)

Clean Coal Techologies

Coal Liquefaction
Clean Coal Technologies (Energy Div., ITA)


Air Products LPMEOH™ Process Flow Diagram..Click to expand

My Coal Patent

Process for removal of hazardous air pollutants from coal
[US Patent # 6,156,281 (December 5, 2000)]





Cement Industry

Cement Manufacturing Steps (from CAC)
1. Raw material storage 2. Grinding 3. Blending 4. Preheating / precalcination
5. Rotary kiln 6. Clinker storage 7. Additions (gypsum, fly ash, etc.)
8. Cement grinding 9. Bulk storage & loading


Technical Building Materials - Quoted Stocks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange
Privatization plans for government-owned cement plants
Technical Change in the Nigerian Cement Industry (Esubiyi)


Processes

Cement Chemistry
Energy Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for Cement Making (LBNL)
Cement & Concrete Basics: How Portland Cement is Made
How Cement is Made


Paper Industry

Paper making process (from Koami site)Click to expand

Pulp, Paper, Paper Products, Printing & Publishing (RMRDC Industrial Sector write-up)
Energy Efficiency and the Pulp and Paper Industry (Nilson et. al, ACEEE)
About the Paper Industry (CPBIS)



Iron & Steel Industry

Conventional steelmaking steps (from ISPAT site)

Overview of Steel and Solid Minerals (Bureau of Public Enterprise)

Achievements of National Iron Ore Mining Company NIOMCO(Fed. Ministry of Power and Steel - May 2002)

Why We Oppose Privatisation of Steel And Rolling Mill Companies - Workers (May 6, 2003)
Interview with Minister Bashir Dalhatu on Ajaokuta (July 2003)
Obasanjo in Ajaokuta - A Column from the Presidency (August 7, 2003)
Ajaokuta Steel Project And Nigeria's Industrialisation Process - Haruna Al-Rashid Yusuf (November 12, 2003)
Ajaokuta: Solgas Moves From Rhetoric to Action - Seun Oyefeso (December 2, 2003)
Ajaokuta: a Generational Challenge (January 27, 2004)
Obasanjo, the Senate and the Solgas story ...Federal Government intervenes - Jide Ajani (Vanguard, August 16, 2004)

Running News on SOLGAS Company in Nigeria
Running News & Commentary on Iron & Steel in Nigeria



Biotechnology

Metabolic biochemical reaction
Click to enlarge


What is Biotechnology (Union of Concerned Scientists)
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Image Library of Biological Macromolecules
Cato Biotechnology Information Directory
Bioinformatics & Constraints (David Gilbert, UK)

African Policy Dialogues on Biotechnology

DNA Structure - click to enlarge The double helix of the DNA is shown along with details of how the bases, 
sugars and phosphates connect to form the structure of the molecule. DNA is a double-stranded molecule twisted into a helix (think of a spiral 
staircase). Each spiraling strand, comprised of a sugar-phosphate backbone and 
attached bases, is connected to a complementary strand by non-covalent hydrogen 
bonding between paired bases. The bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine 
(C) and guanine (G). A and T are connected by two hydrogen bonds. G and 
C are connected by three hydrogen bonds.
DNA Structure (by Access Excellence @ National Health Museum) - Click each diagram to enlarge


A Structure for for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (Watson and Crick, 1953)
Introduction to Nucleic Acids and Application to Infectious Disease Detection (by Joan Polancic)
Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA (Antnoy Carpi)
An Introduction to DNA Structure


Food and Agro-Allied Industry

KEY FACT:
Country Studies - Nigeria - Agriculture

"In 1990, estimates indicated that 82 million hectares out of Nigeria's total land area of about 91 million hectares were arable. However, only about 34 million hectares (or 42 percent of the cultivable area) were being cultivated at the time. Much of this land was farmed under bush fallow, a technique whereby an area much larger than that under cultivation is left idle for varying periods to allow natural regeneration of soil fertility. Another 18 million hectares were classified as permanent pasture, but much of this land had the potential to support crops. About 20 million hectares were covered by forests and woodlands. Most of this land also had agricultural potential. The country's remaining 19 million hectares were covered by buildings or roads, or were considered wasteland......"

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Nutrient Summary for Vegetarians & Vegans
Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (Nigeria)
Farmers' Bookshelf [College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa]
Information and Communication Support for Agricultural Growth in Nigeria
The Food Label
Nutrition Data Center
Info on Fatty Acids [Nutrition Data Center]
Fat Free Kitchen.com


Some information on various crops


Cocoa Section

CocoaCocoa pod and cocoa bean
Running news on Cocoa

Cocoa Central Station
World Cocoa Foundation
World Supply Outlook
Cocoa Horticulture
Growing Cocoa

Oil Palm Section

Palm Oil Situation Report (Phillipines)
Oil Palm - Achievements and Potentials


Starch Section

Information on Starch
Starch containing plants include: banana, cassava, maize, millet, potato, rice, sorghum, sweet potato, wheat, yam. See here

Structure of Starch, carbohydrate, (C6.H10.O5)x, x = 50 to many thousands
Note: ultimate product of hydrolysis of starch: glucose (synonym: dextrose) C6.H12.O6, a monosaccharide, and maltose, C12.H22.O11 (= two glucose molecules), a disaccharide.
Note also that: fructose: C6.H12.O6 (like glucose); Sucrose (C12.H22.O11) is the simple chemical name of table sugar = glucose + fructose.


Starch Engineering


Cassava Section

Running news on Cassava

The Cassava Plant (IITA)
Information on Cassava (Nigerian Nation)
Researchers get to the root of Cassava's Cyanide-Producing Abilities
Cassava Processing (FAO, 1977)
The Processing of Cassava Leaves for Human Consumption
Chemical Composition of Several Crops ByProducts as Animal Feed in Vietnam
Cassava Project for School Agriculture
Foreign Exchange from Sweet Cassava Leaves in St. Thomas

Maize Section

Maize (IITA)
Maize Yield Information
A Ceiling on What Farmers can Raise on a Plot


Rice Section

International Rice Research Institute



Nano-Technology

Nanoscale comparisonsClick to expand

The Scale of Things
Nanopedia (Case Western Reserve University)
Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), US Government





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